At the most basic level, electric motors exist to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. Electric motors exist to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. This is done by two interacting magnetic fields that is one stationary and another attached to a part that can move. DC motors have the potential for very high torque capabilities (depands on motor size), are easy to miniaturize, and can be "throttled" via adjusting their supply voltage. DC motors are also not only the simplest, but the oldest electric motors.
1) Michael Faraday (U.K.)[1]
Fabled experimenter Michael Faraday decided to confirm or refute a numb
er of speculations surrounding Oersted's and Ampere's results. Faraday set to work devising an experiment to demonstrate whether or not a current carrying wire produced a circular magnetic field around it, and in October of 1821 succeeded in demonstrating this.
Faraday took a dish of mercury and placed a fixed magnet in the middle; above this, he dangled a freely moving wire (the free end of the wire was long enough to dip into the mercury). When he connected a battery to forn a circuit, the current carrying wire circled around the magnet. Faraday then reversed the setup, this time with a fixed wire and a dangling magnet and again the free part circled around the fixed part. This was the first demonstration of the conversion of electrical energy into motion. As a result, Faraday is often credited with the invention of the electric motor. Bear in mind, though, that Faraday's electric motor is really just a lab demonstration, as you can't harness it for useful work.
2) Joseph Henry (U.S.)[1]
It took ten years, but by the summer of 1831 Joseph Henry had i
mproved on Faraday's experimental motor. Henry built a simple device whose moving part was a straight electromagnet rocking on a horizontal axis. Its polarity was reversed automatically by its motion as pairs of wires projecting from its ends made connections alternately with two electrochemical cells. Two vertical permanent magnets alternately attracted and repelled the ends of the electromagnet, making it rock back and forth at 75 cycles per minute.
Henry considered his little machine to be merely a "philosophical toy," but nevertheless believed it was important as the first demonstration of continuous motion produced by magnetic attraction and repulsion. While being more mechanically useful than Faraday's motor, and being the first real use of electromagnets in a motor, it was still by and large a lab experiment.
3) William Sturgeon (U.K.)[1]
Just a year after Henry's motor was demonstrated, William
Sturgeon invented the commutator, and with it the first rotary electric motor in many ways a rotary analogue of Henry's oscillating motor. Sturgeon's motor, while still simple, was the first to provide continuous rotary motion and contained essentially all the elements of a modern DC motor. Note that Sturgeon used horseshoe electromagnets to produce both the moving and stationary magnetic fields (to be specific, he built a shunt wound DC motor).
1) Michael Faraday (U.K.)[1]
Fabled experimenter Michael Faraday decided to confirm or refute a numb
er of speculations surrounding Oersted's and Ampere's results. Faraday set to work devising an experiment to demonstrate whether or not a current carrying wire produced a circular magnetic field around it, and in October of 1821 succeeded in demonstrating this.Faraday took a dish of mercury and placed a fixed magnet in the middle; above this, he dangled a freely moving wire (the free end of the wire was long enough to dip into the mercury). When he connected a battery to forn a circuit, the current carrying wire circled around the magnet. Faraday then reversed the setup, this time with a fixed wire and a dangling magnet and again the free part circled around the fixed part. This was the first demonstration of the conversion of electrical energy into motion. As a result, Faraday is often credited with the invention of the electric motor. Bear in mind, though, that Faraday's electric motor is really just a lab demonstration, as you can't harness it for useful work.
2) Joseph Henry (U.S.)[1]
It took ten years, but by the summer of 1831 Joseph Henry had i
mproved on Faraday's experimental motor. Henry built a simple device whose moving part was a straight electromagnet rocking on a horizontal axis. Its polarity was reversed automatically by its motion as pairs of wires projecting from its ends made connections alternately with two electrochemical cells. Two vertical permanent magnets alternately attracted and repelled the ends of the electromagnet, making it rock back and forth at 75 cycles per minute.Henry considered his little machine to be merely a "philosophical toy," but nevertheless believed it was important as the first demonstration of continuous motion produced by magnetic attraction and repulsion. While being more mechanically useful than Faraday's motor, and being the first real use of electromagnets in a motor, it was still by and large a lab experiment.
3) William Sturgeon (U.K.)[1]
Just a year after Henry's motor was demonstrated, William
Sturgeon invented the commutator, and with it the first rotary electric motor in many ways a rotary analogue of Henry's oscillating motor. Sturgeon's motor, while still simple, was the first to provide continuous rotary motion and contained essentially all the elements of a modern DC motor. Note that Sturgeon used horseshoe electromagnets to produce both the moving and stationary magnetic fields (to be specific, he built a shunt wound DC motor).
0 comments:
Post a Comment